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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

breastfeeding --- human milk --- donor human milk --- human milk banks --- preterm infant feeding --- human milk fortification

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Human Milk: Sampling and Measurement of Energy-Yielding Nutrients and Other Macromolecules presents comprehensive, rigorous, state-of-the-science information on the origins, analysis, concentrations and variation in energy-yielding nutrients and other macromolecules present in human milk. The book includes information on how best to collect and store milk for determining concentrations of these important milk constituents and considers how to conduct milk composition analysis in research, clinical and resource-poor settings. Written by a group of international experts who are actively conducting research related to human milk macronutrients, each chapter also provides cutting-edge rationale for what research is still needed in this evolving field. In addition, the book also outlines challenges and opportunities faced by clinicians, industry leaders and regulators interested in adding these components to infant foods, human milk nutrient fortifier and formula. Presents analytical issues and challenges Contains information regarding optimal milk collection and storage procedures for each milk component Uses a systematic treatment of common factors relating to milk composition variation (e.g., time postpartum, maternal diet) Provides a brief summary at the end of each chapter Reviews the literature related to history/discovery, analysis, isoforms, origins/transport, variability, metabolism and research gaps

Breast milk --- Composition. --- Physiological effect. --- Breastmilk --- Human milk --- Milk, Human --- Mother's milk --- Milk --- Lactation

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This informative treatise offers a concise collection of existing, expert data summarizing the composition of milk. The Handbook of Milk Composition summarizes current information on all aspects of human and bovine milk, including: sampling, storage, composition, as well as specific chapters on major and minor components such as protein, carbohydrates, lipids, electrolytes, minerals, vitamins and hormones. The book also features comprehensive coverage of compartmentation, host-defense components, factors affecting composition, composition of commercial formulas, and contaminants.* Rel

Breast milk --- Milk --- Composition --- Handbooks, manuals, etc --- Breastmilk --- Human milk --- Milk, Human --- Mother's milk --- Lactation --- Dairy products --- Exocrine glands --- Secretions

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This Nutrients Special Issue focuses on neonatal nutritional advances for inflammatory disorders affecting infants such as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Nutrition can significantly impact the development of certain diseases that afflict infants. This Special Issue aims to bring together the latest research on the role of nutrition in preventing or impacting neonatal disorders. Specifically, this Special Issue focuses on the role of breast milk or donor breast milk and the various components in milk that have been demonstrated to protect against NEC and other inflammatory diseases. This issue provides a comprehensive composite of the advances in nutritional strategies that can modulate or prevent neonatal intestinal disorders.

donor breast milk --- human milk --- milk analysis --- very low birth weight --- preterm --- growth --- preterm infant --- donor human milk --- formula feeding --- breastfeeding --- necrotizing enterocolitis --- breast milk --- prematurity --- immunity --- newborn --- inflammation --- colostrum administration --- premature neonates --- clinical outcomes --- intestinal resection --- short bowel syndrome --- intestinal adaptation --- microbiome --- parenteral nutrition --- hormones --- milk fat globule --- long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids --- premature infants --- neonatal --- intestine --- glycosaminoglycans --- intestinal inflammation --- bioactive --- donor milk --- gastroschisis --- intestinal atresia --- human milk fortifier --- patient empowerment --- neonatal nutrition --- communication --- product labeling --- NICU parent --- extracellular vesicle --- exosome --- immature intestine --- formula --- osmolality --- breastmilk --- late onset sepsis --- bloodstream infections --- enteric pathogens --- human milk banks --- NEC --- meta-analysis --- breast-feeding --- spontaneous intestinal perforation --- feeding --- nutrition

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Human milk is uniquely tailored to meet infants’ specific nutritional requirements. However, it is more than just “milk”. This dynamic and bioactive fluid allows mother–infant signalling over lactation, guiding the infant in the developmental and physiological processes. It exerts protection and life-long biological effects, playing a crucial role in promoting healthy growth and optimal cognitive development. The latest scientific advances have provided insight into different components of human milk and their dynamic changes over time. However, the complexity of human milk composition and the synergistic mechanisms responsible for its beneficial health effects have not yet been unravelled. Filling this knowledge gap will shed light on the biology of the developing infant and will contribute to the optimization of infant feeding, particularly that of the most vulnerable infants. Greater understanding of human milk will also help in elucidating the best strategies for its storage and handling. The increasing knowledge on human milk’s bioactive compounds together with the rapidly-advancing technological achievements will greatly enhance their use as prophylactic or therapeutic agents. The current Special Issue aims to welcome original works and literature reviews further exploring the complexity of human milk composition, the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects associated with breastfeeding, and the factors and determinants involved in lactation, including its promotion and support.

high pressure processing --- n/a --- lipids --- supplementation --- protective factors --- infant --- carbohydrate --- mothers --- antioxidant capacity --- protein --- fat --- cytokines --- bioactive factors --- late preterm --- zinc --- infants --- docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) --- pregnancy --- eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) --- Lipidomics --- magnesium --- omega-3 fatty acids --- vitamin D deficiency --- flow injection analysis --- human milk benefits --- multiple source method --- 3?-sialyllactose (3?SL) --- milk banking --- milk group --- pasteurization --- video instruction --- Milk Fat Globule Membrane --- bile salt stimulated lipase --- breastfeeding difficulties --- breastfeeding support --- prematurity --- carotenoids --- hormones --- phosphocholine --- amino acids --- targeted metabolomics --- high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) --- choline --- selenium --- ?-linolenic acid --- arachidonic acid (ARA) --- docosahexaenoic acid --- human milk fortification --- protease inhibitors --- celiac disease --- copper --- term --- adipokines --- iodine --- mammary gland --- nutritional status --- food frequency questionnaire --- neonate --- early breastfeeding cessation --- prospective study --- breastfeeding --- mothers’ own milk --- disialyllacto-N-tetraose (DSLNT) --- country --- lactating women --- undernourishment --- proteases --- preterm --- expressing --- dietary assessment --- retinol --- body composition --- duration of lactation --- passive immunization --- 2?-fucosyllactose (2?FL) --- phosphorus --- clinical trial --- growth factors --- infant formula --- digestive tract --- human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) --- sodium --- nutrition --- eicosapentaenoic acid --- lipid metabolites --- lactation --- nervonic acid --- ?-tocopherol --- macronutrients --- glycoprotein --- term infant --- term infants --- maternal diet --- promotion of breastfeeding --- potassium --- antioxidants --- maternal immunoglobulins --- Human Milk --- human milk --- Phospholipids --- flu vaccine --- lactational stage --- lactose --- storage --- dietary intake --- Preterm infant --- immune-active proteins --- colostrum --- human milk fat --- inadequate intake --- milk therapy --- endogenous peptide --- calcium --- fatty acids --- breast milk --- pumping --- secretor --- LC-MS --- n-9 fatty acid --- Lewis --- donor human milk --- antenatal --- online --- iron --- growth --- donor milk --- mothers' own milk